HTML Versus XHTML
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language) are both markup languages used for creating web pages. They have some similarities but also some key differences:
1. Syntax: HTML and XHTML have different syntax rules. HTML has a more forgiving syntax, allowing for omitted closing tags and attribute values without quotes. XHTML, on the other hand, follows stricter XML syntax rules, requiring all tags to be properly nested and closed, and attribute values to be enclosed in quotes.
2. Document Structure: HTML documents have a more relaxed structure compared to XHTML. In HTML, elements can be nested freely, and tags like `<body>` or `<head>` can be placed anywhere within the document. XHTML requires a well-formed XML structure, with a single root element and strict nesting of elements.
3. Case Sensitivity: HTML is generally case-insensitive, meaning that the tags and attributes can be written in any case. XHTML, however, is case-sensitive and requires all tags and attributes to be written in lowercase.
4. MIME Type: HTML documents are served with the `text/html` MIME type, while XHTML documents are served with the `application/xhtml+xml` MIME type. This difference affects how the documents are processed by web browsers and other user agents.
5. Error Handling: HTML is more forgiving of syntax errors and inconsistencies. Browsers often attempt to render the content even if there are errors in the HTML code. XHTML, being based on XML, is stricter and requires well-formedness. If an XHTML document contains errors, it may not be rendered or processed correctly by the browser.
6. Browser Support: HTML has been widely supported by browsers for a long time, and there are some older versions of browsers that do not support XHTML or support it incorrectly. XHTML is compatible with XML parsers, which means it can be processed by a wider range of tools beyond web browsers.
Overall, XHTML was designed to be more strict and standardized, following XML guidelines. However, the use of XHTML has declined in recent years, and HTML5 has become the preferred markup language for most web development. HTML5 provides more flexibility, better compatibility, and improved error handling compared to earlier versions of HTML or XHTML.
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