Agents in Artificial intelligence:

In terms of Agent, Artificial intelligence can be defined as the study of rational agents and its Environment.
Relational Agent could be anything that performs decisions, such as a Human Agent, Robot Agent or software Agent.
Agent carries out the best outcome after considering past and present percept.
Environment is the container of multiple Agents where Agents act in their environment.
An AI Agents can have mental properties such as knowledge, belief and intention etc.
An Agents runs in the cycle of perceiving, thinking and acting, for this it has basically 3 types of components such as: -

1. Sensors: Sensor is a device or a part of device which detects the changes in Environment and sends information to the electronic device and the Agent observes the Environment through Sensors. In case of Human Agent, it could be Eyes, Ear, Nose, Skin etc, In case if Robotic Agents it could be Camera, Microphone, Infrared range finder, NLP etc, and in case of Software it could be Key-strokes, File Systems etc.

2. Actuators: Actuator is the component of machine which converts the Energy into motion. In case of Human Agent, it could be Hands, Legs Mouth etc. in case of Robot Agent, it could be Electric motors, Gears, Rails etc, in case of Software Agents it could be output Screen or Display.

3. Effectors: Effectors are the devices which affect the Environments. Effectors can be same as Actuators.

Agent Function: An agent’s behaviour is described by the agent function that maps any given sequence to an action. Agent Function is an abstract mathematical description.

Agent program: Agent Program is nothing but the implementation of Agent functions. Agent program is a concrete implementation, running within some physical system.

• Agent program is an implementation of an agent function. An agent function is a map from the percept sequence (history of all that an agent has perceived to date) to an action.