Embedded SQL is a technique that allows SQL statements to be embedded within a host programming language, such as C/C++, Java, or COBOL. It enables the integration of SQL commands into application code, providing a way to interact with a relational database within the programming language itself. Here are some key points about embedded SQL in RDBMS:

1. Integration with Host Language:

Embedded SQL allows SQL statements to be seamlessly integrated into the host programming language. SQL statements are typically embedded within the program code using special syntax or function calls provided by the host language.

2. Preprocessing:

The host programming language's preprocessor handles the embedded SQL statements. It recognizes and processes the SQL statements, converting them into function calls or API (Application Programming Interface) calls that interact with the database.

3. Variables and Bindings:

Embedded SQL allows for the use of variables and bindings to pass values between the host language and SQL statements. Host variables can be used to hold input values, retrieve query results, and perform other data manipulations.

4. Error Handling:

Error handling mechanisms provided by the host programming language can be used to handle exceptions and errors that occur during SQL statement execution. This allows for graceful error handling within the application code.

5. Transaction Control:

Embedded SQL enables transaction control within the host programming language. Transaction-related commands, such as COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT, can be embedded within the code to manage transactional behavior.

6. Performance Considerations:

Embedded SQL can offer performance advantages compared to executing SQL statements from external scripts or programs. By embedding SQL statements directly into the application code, it eliminates the need for separate communication and parsing of SQL queries, potentially improving the overall efficiency and performance of the application.

7. Portability:

Embedded SQL code may require some level of adaptation when migrating between different database systems or RDBMS vendors due to variations in syntax or APIs. However, the core logic and structure of the embedded SQL code can remain relatively consistent across different platforms.

Embedded SQL is a powerful technique that allows developers to combine the capabilities of SQL and the host programming language, providing a seamless and efficient way to interact with relational databases within application code.

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